John McCain - Address at the 2017 Munich Security Conference free essay sample

Free Essays on End of History

The End of History? Francis Fukuyama In the essay, The End of History, Fukuyama claims that soon there will be no more history to be made. This is because his definition of history is â€Å"mankind’s ideological evolution (Fukuyama 201).† This evolution consists of mankind evolving from savages to civilized human beings. Along the way, there have been innumerable conflicts and atrocities, which we record and define as â€Å"history†. However, Fukuyama believes that currently we have achieved the highest form of government, which he believes is liberal democracy. As liberal democracy slowly spreads, this will eventually eliminate all conflicts, except for the ones motivated by economic development. Fukuyama cites the defeat of Japan and the imposition of American democracy there as an initial step to the democratization of other countries. Although we have stopped making history, Fukuyama believes that Third World countries are still rich in it. He states that conflicts between these smaller states and the larger s! tates will still be occur, just not the conflict between large states as we have seen such as in World War I and II. Fukuyama’s tone in the essay is one of superiority in terms of the type of government we have, but a tone of disappointment that once democracy spreads, the world will be a â€Å"boring† place to live in. I partly agree with Fukuyama’s view on history. I agree with Fukuyama in the fact that history is mainly based on conflicts. If you look back on significant events in history, they usually include events such as war and revolution. Although history defined in the context of â€Å"anything that is past† will always be there, the type of history we typically think about will be radically changed if democracy were to spread all over the world. I am in agreement that if this were to happen, there would be no more wars. However, to believe that every nation will soon employ a democra... Free Essays on End of History Free Essays on End of History The End of History? Francis Fukuyama In the essay, The End of History, Fukuyama claims that soon there will be no more history to be made. This is because his definition of history is â€Å"mankind’s ideological evolution (Fukuyama 201).† This evolution consists of mankind evolving from savages to civilized human beings. Along the way, there have been innumerable conflicts and atrocities, which we record and define as â€Å"history†. However, Fukuyama believes that currently we have achieved the highest form of government, which he believes is liberal democracy. As liberal democracy slowly spreads, this will eventually eliminate all conflicts, except for the ones motivated by economic development. Fukuyama cites the defeat of Japan and the imposition of American democracy there as an initial step to the democratization of other countries. Although we have stopped making history, Fukuyama believes that Third World countries are still rich in it. He states that conflicts between these smaller states and the larger s! tates will still be occur, just not the conflict between large states as we have seen such as in World War I and II. Fukuyama’s tone in the essay is one of superiority in terms of the type of government we have, but a tone of disappointment that once democracy spreads, the world will be a â€Å"boring† place to live in. I partly agree with Fukuyama’s view on history. I agree with Fukuyama in the fact that history is mainly based on conflicts. If you look back on significant events in history, they usually include events such as war and revolution. Although history defined in the context of â€Å"anything that is past† will always be there, the type of history we typically think about will be radically changed if democracy were to spread all over the world. I am in agreement that if this were to happen, there would be no more wars. However, to believe that every nation will soon employ a democra...

Pharmacology assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Pharmacology - Assignment Example Healthy participants will be assigned to group A and B. subjects in group A were given 50mg of JP234 from day 3 to day 10 and warfarin 1.5 mg from day 7 to day 14. Participants in group 2 will receive 1.5 mgs of warfarin from day 3 to 10 and then 50mgs once a day from day 7 to 14. Both drugs will be administered for the first fourteen days while the remaining six days will be utilized as washout period. Plasma levels of the drugs will be assessed in both groups. Monitoring the plasma concentration is essential in drug interaction studies. The subjects will be closely monitored for heart activity, clotting factor level and heart rate through utilization of an electrocardiogram. The drug is believed to be well tolerated during clinical trials and has less contraindication association with it (Simon, 2007). The result of the finding will be utilized in identifying the action of the new drug on the metabolism of warfarin. Through blood sample study and the hearts activity measure, the ef fectiveness and the action of JP234 on warfarin will be measured. The study aims at finding out the effect of JP234 on the action of warfarin. Any changes on the participants will be recorded. Tolerability and the safety of the drug will be assessed too. JP234 is well tolerated during clinical trials and there is no contradiction associated with it. The drug when administered is effective in doses of 50, 75 or 100mg once daily. The drug is metabolized in the liver and has a half life of about 24 hours. In vitro studies indicate that the drug can induce CYP2C9. Patients with chronic atrial fibrillation should be anticoagulated to hinder thromboembolism from taking place (Goodman, 2005). Patient taking JP234 are recommended to take warfarin that is partly metabolized by CYP2C9. JP234 is an antiarrhythmic drug and is usually excreted in the liver just the same as warfarin. The new drug is considered an inducer of CYP2C9 which takes

HIV in Nursing Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

HIV in Nursing - Annotated Bibliography Example The study refers to a treatment program available to people with HIV in Uganda. Bakanda et al. (2011) have used data released by the AIDS Support Organization (Bakanda et al. 2011). The site of the above organization in Uganda has collected data addressing a series of issues related to HIV in Uganda, such as: the number of healthcare providers per patient and the number of patients who managed to follow strictly the guidelines of healthcare providers in regard to the HIV treatment program (Bakanda et al. 2011). The above data were used for calculating a range of ratios, aim to show that the number of healthcare providers working in this field affects the progress of the treatment provided to people with HIV. It has been proved that there is a close link between the number of healthcare providers involved in the program and the outcomes of the treatment. The particular study is quite important because of the following fact: it highlights the value of healthcare providers, including nu rses and medical staff of other duties, in facing HIV. It is assumed that by increasing the number of nurses working on HIV-treatment programs a state can increase its effectiveness in controlling the expansion of HIV across the local population. The financial aspects of such initiatives should be, however, taken into consideration. The study of Bakanda et al. (2011) reveals that the inability to locate adequate healthcare providers can result to the failure of a HIV-treatment program even if existing infrastructure is of high quality. A clinician-nurse model to reduce early mortality and increase clinic retention among high-risk HIV-infected patients initiating combination antiretroviral treatment Braitstein, P., Siika, A., Hogan, J., Kosgei, R., Sang, E., Sidle, J., Wools-Kaloustian, K., Keter, A., Mamlin, J. & Kimaiyo, S., 2012 The study of Braitstein et al. (2012) focuses on the following issue: can the use of nurses in promoting HIV-treatment programs cover gaps resulted by poo r resources in a healthcare setting? The specific issue seems to be of particular importance specifically in areas where antiretroviral treatment is available to people with HIV. Braitstein et al. (2012) aim to prove that even when the resources available for the treatment of AIDS are poor, still the success of the treatment provided to people with HIV can be successful under the terms that appropriate skilled healthcare providers participate in the particular scheme. Braitstein et al. (2012) have used a series of routine clinical data (Braitstein et al. (2012). The specific data have been analyzed using a retrospective analysis technique (Braitstein et al. 2012). The data are related to about 140,000 patients, adults and children, with HIV in western Kenya (Braitstein et al. 2012). The patients have participated in a program aiming to support the control of AIDS in the specific area. The programme, named as ‘Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare’ (Braitstein et al. 2012), has been established for monitoring the progress of the treatment of people with HIV in western Kenya. A ‘combination - antiretroviral treatment (cART)’ (Braitstein et al. 2012) has been provided to the members of the programme. It has been proved that the development of emergency-assessment clinics based on nurses can help towards the reduction

Taking a Stand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Taking a Stand - Essay Example This is subsequently presented to masses by professionals rather than academics while focusing on the economic effects (Minogue). Minogue named this new specie as the for-profit universities and educational institutes. However, the practice of for-profit education was first criticized by Plato and Aristotle in ancient Greece. Fee-based education was actually an idea presented by Sophists who were immigrant professional teachers in Athens. They started offering higher education services in return of some fees. Researchers argue that three prominent Sophists including Hippias, Protagoras and Isocrates had a clear idea about competition. Since their approach was significantly innovative therefore they faced immense criticism from Plato and his student Aristotle. Both of them argued that such educational activities which are based upon earning profit and commercialization will have negative impact on the Greek society (Stabile). Plato in particular was against the for-profit education because he believed that there is absolutely no connection between truth and profit, money and education. Moreover, Plato viewed profit based teachings as predicted on an extreme pride regarding what represents knowledge. Plato also argued that for-profit education gives rise to false class divisions depending upon the odd stru ctures which have value but no truth (Bartlett). Aristotle focused more towards the liberal education which actually reflects the basic conditions and assumptions of the Athenian society. Here, liberal was used in two different meanings. Firstly, education should not be aimed at generating profits neither it should be expressed in form of end-utility. Secondly, liberal education means a balance between moral and intellectual excellence (Yu). He rejected the idea of fee-based education in the same way as his teacher Plato did. Contrary to this, Sophists used to charge fees for

Photography Themes and Issues

Photography Themes and Issues Photography Themes and Issues Essay Describe how a greater understanding of the social and historical context of a body of photographic work can be useful in interpreting its meaning. You should refer to the work of an individual photographer, or of an organisation using photography, to justify your argument. In this essay I am going to look at the photographic work of Craig J Barber and his unique approach to post-war Vietnam and Havana, Cuba using the medium of pinhole photography. I will explore how Barbers approach to photographing Vietnam through the use of pinhole cameras, tells a unique story of its own in terms of post-war Vietnam, the atmosphere and life after the war and also the alternative route he has taken compared to the work of other photographers who have looked at Vietnam as a subject. I will also look at Barbers view of a modern day Havana and how the countries past issues with politics has shaped Havana and how its future is deconstructing the Socialist ideal. The Vietnam War began in 1959 and continued until 1975, the war was fought between the Northern Communists and the Anti-Communist South. The Vietnam War had a profound impact not only on the countrys political shift but also on the surviving population as the death toll reached over 4 million Vietnamese dead by the end of the war. The Vietnam War was well documented photographically and produced some of the most iconic images of war of the past 100 years, most notably Nick Uts famous image of Phan Thi Kim Phuc as a young girl, running towards the camera whilst screaming in pain due to injuries sustained from a napalm attack by Southern Vietnam. Another iconic image of the Vietnam war was Eddie Adams ‘General Nguyen Ngoc Loan executing a Viet Cong prisoner in Saigon depicting a Vietnamese police chief executing a war prisoner in a street. Both of these famous images are stark statements of the brutal and inhumane nature of war and symbols that helped boost the anti-war movement s during that period and subsequent periods of conflict. Craig J Barber served as a marine in the American armed forces during the 1960s stationing him in Vietnam during the war at the age of 18. Thirty-five years later, Ghosts of the Landscape: Vietnam revisited is Barbers attempt to re-visit and document the aftermath of the devastating war and the country that so deeply affected his life forever; â€Å"This was an opportunity to be able to revisit a land that had a profound effect upon my life and to be able to come to terms with it. I always remembered it as a beautiful land that I wanted to return to.† The pinhole photography of Ghosts of the Landscape is a very different account of the country compared to the photojournalistic style that covered the war itself. Due to the nature of the pinhole camera, the images are given a softer focus that feels like the landscapes of Vietnam are nothing but memories left over from before the country experienced such devastating bloodshed. Another characteristic element of pinhole photography that has helped to separate Barbers work from the likes of Adams and Ut is the longer exposure times for each image. Working with pinhole allowed Barber to observe his subject more closely helping him forge a working relationship with the subjects while he waited and observed; â€Å"For me it is important to get to know a place in an intimate way. When I work I am very slow, I like to look around the corners and behind the doors at the small, quiet details that make up the cultural landscape.† A standard SLR or medium format camera used by many photojournalists will decrease down to f22 in aperture size, whereas when working in pinhole the aperture can take an f-stop down into the hundreds. In many of Barbers Ghosts images, he has chosen to include a human presence, often that of children (Plate.2 and Plate.3) which then gives these images a distinct difference in meaning to the desolate landscapes in his other images. When we see a post-war Vietnamese village, obviously populated, but with its inhabitants obscured and blurred almost into the background itself, it starts to invoke thoughts of the aforementioned ghosts and memories for Barber of the country he first saw in his youth. The inclusion of children in these images then provokes thought at whether or not this is an homage to the dead or perhaps something deeper, for example this could be Barbers way of telling the viewer that the people who live in Vietnam today are still plagued by the after-effects of war and that pride, hope and dignity is still yet to make its way back into the lives of every Vietnamese person. It would be worth noting that during the Vietnam war, The US inflicted a deadly toxin ‘Agent Orange onto Southern Vietnam resulting in 400,000 deaths and subsequently causing half a million children to be born with such birth defects as; cleft palate, mental problems, hernias and extra toes and fingers. So Barbers inclusion of children as blurred semi-human shapes could also be a message to the world about the continued suffering and miserable conditions that are a day to day occurrence in this country. If Barber had used standard photography equipment, he would have needed to document this aftermath either literally or by including a body of text with his image to give clarity to the viewer, whereas pinhole has given him freedom to simply create his image and let it speak its own story through stripping away individualism and showing that it is not just an isolated problem to any one group of people. Almost all of the images included in Ghosts in the Landscape include views of rural villages made up of primitive wooden huts (Plate.5) and other areas of grand French architecture (Plate.16) Barber is documenting the lack of technology in some areas and the lack of change that has occurred since his first days in Vietnam in 1960. It shows the innocence among the people and stays true to the anti-capitalist ideals that they held. Barbers combination of the platinum process and his focus on documenting his own past and the past of the Vietnamese serve to take the viewer back to a time in history through a beautifully contrasted and toned path of desolation and despair. Craig Barbers pinhole work went on to a project ‘Havana Passage which looked at Cuba, a country that following a revolution in 1959 became a Socialist republic and has been under a trade embargo from the United States since 1962. Barber, perhaps unbeknownst to him, makes several connections between his Vietnam and Cuba photographic work; Both of these countries have been in conflict with the United States, both countries share the same radical political stance and both countries have experienced revolutions during the 1960s and transitionary periods that have left the contemporary culture at a slight economic and social disadvantage. â€Å"In the late 1990s I ventured to Cuba for the first time and visited a land that has remained a forbidden mystery for most American citizens. Unspoiled by mass consumerism and global trademarks, Cuba remains a unique blend of Spanish colonial and 1950s Americana with not a Starbucks in sight.† Cuba began its revolution with Alberto Kordas iconic image Guerrillero Heroico and ended up at Barbers Cuban lament through a series of images depicting the final ghosts of Communism roaming the streets of Havana. Barber chose Havana as a subject for his pinholes because he wanted to document the fading culture of Cuba as it started to lose its revolutionary ideals. Once again, pinhole manages to create mystery and despair through its long exposure times of Havanian streets and public spaces although this time we see well built Spanish architecture and people who are busily working at street stalls or having a moment to themselves. The photograph Cabbages tells Cuba that they are moving away from the world of the local grocery stall where there might be a friendly face, conversation and fresh produce and moving towards a corporate atmosphere where buying pesticide or genetically-engineered riddled produce will strip away the intimate moment of conversation and interaction with a local farmer or street stall-worker. The cabbages are forced into the eyes of the viewer pleading for the time when Cuba provided for itself, where the cabbage was grown with love from the farmer and for the country. Memories is another photograph from the ‘Havana Passage set, this image depicts an outdoor bar in a beautiful setting. There is a distinct lack of human presence here, no bar staff and no patrons and it could even be considered a ghost town with its neglected paint work and no typical bar products in sight. Memories looks at the imminent loss of freedom, an outside bar is where people go to relax and socialise while enjoying the world around them, but with the Capitalism creeping in, these people might instead be stuck in their new office job miles away in the heart of Havana creating new areas of desolation among the beauty. In juxtaposed, Barber creates a Fritz Lang style scene of Havana. The foreground consists of an almost empty street scene with subtle hints of neglect to the road and the paintwork of the buildings, there are some people dotted around in the foreground only, and they seem to be unaware of the looming Modernist building creeping up in the background. The photograph looks almost like a photomontage, there is such a contrast between the rough, textured neglected street scene and the smooth perfect curves of the new Modernist architecture. There is a car that contextualises Cubas lack of consumerism and Capitalism and lets the viewer see Cubas antiquated way of life in motion. It looks like a car from the 1950s around the same time that Cuba underwent its revolution. The Modernist building is a direct symbol of the times moving forward, from the patchy street that contains a community, stories and families to the high rise apartment blocks for the wealthy and the sterile office environme nts. Craig Barber shows the photography world that pinhole is so much more than just a niche for experimentalists, pinhole could be the next stage of documentary photography tailored specifically to documenting the slow demise of one country after another; perhaps employed by prospective government parties during elections to show the public where it is heading as a propaganda tool for their own ‘revolutionary office. Bibliography Books Craig J Barber Alison Devine Nordstrom (2006) 1st Edition Ghosts in the Landscape: Vietnam Revisited. New York: Umbrage Editions Websites http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che_Guevara_(photo) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._embargo_against_Cuba http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Korda http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havana http://www.robinricegallery.com/pastexhibitions/craig_barber/index.html http://withoutlenses.com/view/a-conversation-with http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_L%C3%A9m http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%E1%BB%B3nh_C%C3%B4ng_%C3%9At http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Adams_(photographer) http://www.eastmanhouse.org/exhibits/container_60/index.php http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent_orange http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che_Guevara_(photo)

Deadbeat Parents :: essays research papers

Parents who do not pay their child support are deadbeat parents. This creates a hardship for the case managers in the child support office, the legal staff in preparing documents and court appearances, but most importantly, the children who are the recipients of the child support. Child support enforcement exists to help ensure that every child receives the support that is required by law. This process begins through court ordered divorce, paternity genetic testing, or application made directly to the child support office. Through a court ordered divorce proceeding, the absent parent (the individual who is not awarded custody) is required to pay child support. Guidelines are established for determining the amount to be paid and an order is established. If an individual is in disagreement with an order a paternity genetic test can be given. A custodial parent can complete an application to submit to the local child support enforcement office. Once this is received, the application goe s through several processes. First, an establishment case manager reviews the paperwork and has appointments with both parties involved. Once the order is established, through the case manager or child support court, the case goes to an enforcement case manager. This person is responsible for enforcing the child support order by maintaining contact with the absent parent, securing employment information, address, etc. If an individual fails to comply with the order, another process begins. The case is referred to the legal department for enforcement. Paperwork issued from the court is mailed to the individual requiring them to appear in court on a specific date and time. If they do appear, they are given an opportunity to explain why they are not meeting their order. If this is acceptable by the judge, they are given another opportunity to comply. In most cases, the absent parents do not show up for court and a contempt warrant is issued. These deadbeats are not easily found. The ch ild support enforcement office has to depend on information received from concerned citizens.

Operational security Working Title Essay

Operational security is an extremely important part of our everyday lives while in a deployed enviroment. This fact is amplified that much more when the deployment includes being stationed in a country where the enemy could go undetected, as our foes do not wear a uniform. In a war where there is no front, and as part of our out reach with the citizens of the country that we are occupying, it would be incredibily easy for our enimes to merge themselves into our everyday dealings. With that knowledge, it becomes ever more imnportant to maintain a hold of items that could easily be aquired by our foes. These items include papers, documents, unlocked computers, and identification cards. If left unattended or unacounted for, a potential for a security breach is very likely. With a breach of security the enemy could potentially obtain information that could lead to getting a step up on our forces, and in a worst case scenario beconme directly responsible for the death of military personnel. Likewise is true for the misplacement of the militraty identification card. If left in the wrong hands, the identification card presents an oppurtunity for frodulent entry, and/or duplication. In some replications of military identification cards, detection can be difficult, if not impossible to untrainned persons. Due to the difficulty of detection, and the relative ease in which someone can obtain United States militray uniforms, it would be all too easy to impersonation a service memember. This could lead to all sorts of additional security problems. History has been laced with examples of people mascurading about in uniforms, doing all sorts of damages to their opposition. When an infringment of opperational security occurs, it is made that much more severe when the infraction goes unreported. Being blindsided by such a potentially devestating situation adds to the damages that could become of such an incident. Without the knowledge of a situation being out to the proper channels, it prevents proper preperation in case the infringment would turn out to become something more than a simple mistake; and transforms into a full scale disaster of an occurance. The easiest solution to preventing an unprepared operational security hit, aside from maintaining proper operational security is by reporting the incident as soon as it becomes known and by not obstructing any inquires made into the infraction. If the knowledge of an unintentinal security breach is made aware to the proper channels, the necesary steps in prevention can occur. Being prepared helps to reduce significant amounts of damages that can be done if left otherwise unprepared, and unknowledgable of any of the specifics of the nature of the breach of security. With that being said, it is without a doubt not the best course of action to keep such things ‘in-house’, or attempt to ‘cover up’ infrindgments of opperational security. By attempting to cover up an event as significant as an operational security breach, one can also infrindge on the Army Values. The army values are a guide line for behavior and conduct. As follows are the defenition of each values and a brief description as how each are affected by attempted cover ups; Loyalty Bear true faith and allegiance to the U.S. constitution, the Army, and other soldiers. Be loyal to the nation and its heritage. By not reporting critical information, one is indirectly being disloyal to his fellow troops. Withholding information also shows a lack of faith in anyone who could be in a position to aid in the dilema. Another element of loyalty comes from our individual loyalty to the greater good of our Army and our country. Rensis Likert said â€Å"The greater the loyalty of a group toward the group, the greater is the motivation among the members to achieve the goals of the group, and the greater the probability that the group will achieve its goals.† This is true in the Army today. Our loyalty to the United States of America and the values we hold dear make us a fierce fighting force. I personally am loyal to the death to both the U.S. Army and my country. Loyalty is the foundation of any good friend ship and also had the ability to turn a group of common men i nto a fierce fighting team. Duty Fulfill your obligations. Accept responsibility for your own actions and those entrusted to your care. Find opportunities to improve oneself for the good of the group. Fulfilling the Letter and Intent of Jefferson’s Order. The Corps of Discovery never wavered from its mission. Additionally, Lewis, Clark, and several of the men kept journals. Sergeant Ordway was the only one to make daily entries. Respect Rely upon the golden rule. How we consider others reflects upon each of us, both personally and as a professional org. Respect is one of the army’s seven values but it is also one of the most important factors in our daily life.Sure you can get thru this life without having respect but it makes it very hard.without having respect for one another we put ourselves at the bottom of the list for everything.Also if we dont show respect how can we recieve respect back and without recieving the respect from our peers or those set above us how can we ever move ahead in this life.Respect is one of the easiest things to do simply holding a door open for someone is showin them respect.In that aspect courtesy goes a long ways. This is a simple essay to write since respect spans every part of our daily life like when we get in our car and drive to the store,jogging in the park even.pretty much everywhere we go and communicate with other people respect is involved.It is for this reason that respect is so important cus u never know when the person you hold the door for is the person deciding to accept your application for a new job or even getting you that promotion that you have been waiting so long for.anization. Selfless Service Put the welfare of the nation, the Army, and your subordinates before your own. Selfless service leads to organizational teamwork and encompasses discipline, self-control and faith in the system. Adversity Along the Way. Hard physical labor characterized every day, but the Corps of Discovery conquered every navigational hazard and overcame a variety of physical ills – boils, blisters, bunions, sunstroke, dysentery, fatigue, injuries, colds, fevers, snakebites, ticks, gnats, toothaches, headaches, sore throats, bad mosquitoes, and prickly pear cactus. Honor Live up to all the Army values Importance of Character. Lewis and Clark were very thorough in selecting only the best men for the mission – those who would work together for the good of the group and pull their own weight. Integrity Do what is right, legally and morally. Be willing to do what is right even when no one is looking. It is our â€Å"moral compass† an inner voice. Degree of Freedom. Many times the men were on their own as the captains performed their duties. On the return trip, Lewis and Clark divided the Corps of Discovery into five separate detachments (under the commands of Lewis, Clark, Ordway, Gass, and Pryor) to accomplish independent missions. Only two men were discharged from the expedition – Reed for desertion and Newman for mutinous conduct. Personal Courage Our ability to face fear, danger, or adversity, both physical and moral courage.

Free Essays on Apa Style

of others. The reader can obtain the full source citation from the list of references that follows the body of the paper. When the names of the authors of a source are part of the formal structure of the sentence, the year of the publication appears in parenthesis following the identification of the authors, e.g., Eby (2001). When the authors of a source are not part of the formal structure of the sentence, both the authors and years of publication appear in parentheses, separated by semicolons, e.g. (Eby and Mitchell, 2001; Passerallo, Pearson, & Brock, 2000). When a source that has three, four, or five authors is cited, all authors are included the first time the source is cited. Whe... Free Essays on Apa Style Free Essays on Apa Style Title of Paper The introduction of the paper begins here. Double-space throughout the paper, including the title page, abstract, body of the document, and references. The body of the paper begins on a new page (page 3). Subsections of the body of the paper do not begin on a new page. The title of the paper (in uppercase and lowercase letters) is centered on the first line below the manuscript page header. The introduction (which is not labeled) begins on the line following the paper title. Headings are used to organize the document and reflect the relative importance of sections. For example, many empirical research articles utilize Methods, Results, Discussion, and References headings. In turn, the Method section often has subheadings of Participants, Apparatus, and Procedure. Main headings (when the paper has either one or two levels of headings) use centered uppercase and lowercase letters (e.g., Method, Results). Subheadings (when the paper has two levels of headings) are italicized and use flu sh left, uppercase and lowercase letters (e.g., Participants, Apparatus). Text citations. Source material must be documented in the body of the paper by citing the author(s) and date(s) of the sources. This is to give proper credit to the ideas and words of others. The reader can obtain the full source citation from the list of references that follows the body of the paper. When the names of the authors of a source are part of the formal structure of the sentence, the year of the publication appears in parenthesis following the identification of the authors, e.g., Eby (2001). When the authors of a source are not part of the formal structure of the sentence, both the authors and years of publication appear in parentheses, separated by semicolons, e.g. (Eby and Mitchell, 2001; Passerallo, Pearson, & Brock, 2000). When a source that has three, four, or five authors is cited, all authors are included the first time the source is cited. Whe...

The Sociological Definition of Anomie

The Sociological Definition of Anomie Anomie is a social condition in which there is a disintegration or disappearance of the  norms and values that were previously common to the society. The concept, thought of as â€Å"normlessness,† was developed by the founding sociologist,  Ãƒâ€°mile Durkheim. He discovered, through research, that anomie occurs during and follows periods of drastic and rapid changes to the social, economic, or political structures of society. It is, per Durkheims view, a transition phase wherein the values and norms common during one period are no longer valid, but new ones have not yet evolved to take their place. A Feeling of Disconnection People who lived during periods of anomie typically feel disconnected from their society because they no longer see the norms and values that they hold dear reflected in society itself. This leads to the feeling that one does not belong and is not meaningfully connected to others. For some, this may mean that the role they play (or played) and their identity is no longer valued by society. Because of this, anomie can foster the feeling that one lacks purpose, engender hopelessness, and encourage deviance and crime. Anomie According to Émile Durkheim Though the concept of anomie is most closely associated with Durkheims study of suicide, in fact, he first wrote about it in his 1893 book  The Division of Labor in Society.  In this book, Durkheim  wrote about an anomic division of labor, a phrase he used to describe a disordered division of labor  in which some groups no longer fit in, though they did in the past. Durkheim saw that this occurred as European societies industrialized and the nature of work changed along with the development of a more complex division of labor. He framed this as a clash between the mechanical solidarity of homogeneous,  traditional societies and the organic solidarity that keeps more complex societies together. According to Durkheim, anomie could not occur in the context of organic solidarity because this heterogeneous form of solidarity allows for the division of labor to evolve as needed, such that none are left out and all play a meaningful role. Anomic Suicide A few years later, Durkheim further elaborated his concept of anomie in his 1897 book,  Suicide: A Study in Sociology. He identified anomic suicide as a form of taking ones life that is motivated by the experience of anomie.  Durkheim found, through a study of suicide rates of Protestants and Catholics in nineteenth-century Europe, that the suicide rate was higher among Protestants. Understanding the different values of the two forms of Christianity, Durkheim theorized that this occurred because Protestant culture placed a higher value on individualism. This made Protestants less likely to develop close communal ties that might sustain them during times of emotional distress, which in turn made them more susceptible to suicide. Conversely, he reasoned that belonging to the Catholic faith provided greater social control and cohesion to a community, which would decrease the risk of anomie and anomic suicide. The sociological implication is that strong social ties help people and gr oups survive periods of change and tumult in society. Breakdown of Ties That Bind People Together Considering the whole of  Durkheims writing on anomie, one can see that he saw it as a breakdown of the ties that bind people together to make a functional society, a state of social derangement. Periods of anomie are unstable, chaotic, and often rife with conflict because the social force of the norms and values that otherwise provide stability is weakened or missing. Mertons Theory of Anomie and Deviance Durkheims theory of anomie proved influential to American sociologist Robert K. Merton, who pioneered the sociology of deviance and is considered one of the most influential sociologists in the United States. Building on Durkheims theory that anomie is a social condition in which peoples norms and values no longer sync with those of society, Merton created the structural strain theory, which explains how anomie lead to deviance and crime. The theory states that when society does not provide the necessary legitimate and legal means that allow people to achieve culturally valued goals, people seek out alternative means that may simply break from the norm, or may violate norms and laws. For example, if society does not provide enough jobs that pay a living wage so that people can work to survive, many will turn to criminal methods of earning a living. So for Merton, deviance, and crime are, in large part, a result of anomie, a state of social disorder.

Organizational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Organizational Behaviour - Essay Example The theories started a heated debate that is yet to cool down. While some managers and scholars perceive them to be helpful and practicable, others are asserting that the theories are just that- theories, and nothing more, and that they are not being used in real life (Foster, 2013). This paper, with a distinct focus on two companies; Google and WL Gore, will try to explore the validity of that statement. The paper will first discuss the employees’ state in both of these companies and the management activities and then try to tie or explain them using the various employee theories on motivation, participation, satisfaction and motivation. If the managerial actions and employee behavior can be explained by the theories then the statement that they are mere theories will have been disproved. Managerial Actions and Employee Motivation and Performance In this fast changing business and economic environment, intellectual capital and knowledge have become very important for every ma nagement team. The employees are increasingly being viewed as the most important assets of the business (Chubb, 2008). The managers are frantically making efforts to attract and keep their best talents. Many do this by providing incentives- monetary or otherwise. Theory X and Y of motivation provide useful insight into the nature of employees and what is likely to motivate them. They also empower their employee in order to increase job satisfaction and enhance self-actualization. The following two companies provide some useful insights into the role of management in enhancing employee motivation, empowerment and performance. The first one is WL Gore started by Bill Gore in 1958 and Google started by Larry Page and Sergey Brin. WL Gore and Associates This is a hi-tech company that has specialized in manufacturing products from fluoropolymers; fabrics and electronic connectors. As at now the company has ventured into various markets including the industrial, medical, pharmaceutical an d electronic markets. Over the past ten years it has had average revenues of US $2.5 billion in sales. It was started in 1958 and to date it boasts of having around 10,197 employees spread in over 80 countries worldwide. It has featured in the Fortunes ‘Best place to work’ list for the last 15 consecutive years (Liberman, 2013). The company is said to be one of the America’s best performing because it has consistently based its practices on tested and tried employee theories. Festejo (2012) asserts that WL Gore has the unique and world’s best collaborative system in the world; the lattice organization structure. This system is designed to promote employees’ performance and job satisfaction. For instance, the system has no hierarchical structure they are organized into teams; this means there are no bosses to provide supervision. The employees are expected to be self driven and motivated to work. The company utilizes the goal theory by requiring the employees to set their own targets to meet in a specified period of time. However, they have team leaders known as sponsors to provide guidance (Liberman, 2013). The employees, known as associates, set the objectives for the company and try to achieve them and at the end assess one another’s performances. The employees enjoy a great deal of flexibility as

Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl - Essay Example The response of the African American women to these conflicting roles entailed the creation of a new meaning to true womanhood, the basis upon which Jacobs bases her story. Through her struggles, Jacobs fights to redefine the cult of true womanhood from its oppressiveness so as to secure her life and that of the future generation. As a young African American woman slave, having lost her mother and a few years later her mother’s mistress to whom she was bequeathed, Linda Brent fights all odds against sexual oppression from her father, Dr. Flint, to the extent of having an affair with a white neighbor, Mr. Sands, with whom she begets Benny and Ellen (Jacobs 2003, 131). Linda seems to have discovered herself and her intolerance to the oppression and mistreatment that slaves, and particularly the women, were subjected to, causing her to always run away from its perpetrators, not leaving her children behind. The cult of true womanhood The 19th Century African American woman was exp ected to be a domesticator. ... Furthermore, Linda appreciates responsible motherhood as a critical aspect of true womanhood and she sacrifices her welfare so as to ensure the well-being of her children. Even when she plans to escape to the North, she considers all options of having her children escape with her. She fights to see that they do not fall into the bondage of slavery, knowing the oppression involved. This indicates her embrace of motherhood together with the involved responsibilities as an appreciation of true womanhood. The excellence of a woman in domestic tasks made her worth of praise as a true woman. Secondly, submission was a key trait of true womanhood. African American women were to abide by what their husbands and men in general dictated without questioning, since men had God-given authority over women. According to Welter (1966, 156), the society then considered submission as the most feminine virtue that a woman had to portray whereas men were expected to be religious and pure, even though th ey barely had time for these. This submissiveness is portrayed when Dr. Flint objects to Linda’s wishes to marry her love, a young free black man, and in turn Linda asks him to leave and give up on the marriage. Religion propagated this submissiveness as observed of the minister who preached obedience to masters and hard work as Christian ethical obligations (Jacobs 2003, 82). Women were particularly to be passive, submissive responders in this society. To this African American woman, marriage was not to be guided by money but pure love, and its corollary is motherhood, adding to the prestige and usefulness of such a woman. As documented by Littlefield (2007, 54), motherhood for slave women was rooted